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Essential Git Commands – Cheatsheet for Developers

Basic Commands

  • Initialize a repository
    git init
  • Clone a repository
    git clone <repository_url>
  • Check repository status
    git status
  • Add files to staging area
    git add <file>
    git add .
  • Commit changes
    git commit -m "commit message"
  • Add and commit changes
    git commit -am "commit message"

Branching

  • List branches
    git branch
  • Create a new branch
    git branch <branch_name>
  • Switch to a branch
    git checkout <branch_name>
  • Create and switch to a new branch
    git checkout -b <branch_name>
  • Merge a branch
    git checkout <target_branch>
    git merge <branch_to_merge>

Remote Repositories

  • Add a remote repository
    git remote add <remote_name> <repository_url>
  • List remote repositories
    git remote -v
  • Fetch changes from remote
    git fetch <remote_name>
  • Pull changes from remote
    git pull <remote_name> <branch_name>
  • Push changes to remote
    git push <remote_name> <branch_name>

Undoing Changes

  • Undo changes in working directory
    git checkout -- <file>
  • Unstage changes
    git reset HEAD <file>
  • Undo last commit but keep changes
    git reset --soft HEAD~1
  • Undo last commit and discard changes
    git reset --hard HEAD~1
  • Revert a commit
    git revert <commit_id>

Viewing History

  • Show commit history
    git log
  • Show commit history with changes
    git log -p
  • Show a specific commit
    git show <commit_id>
  • Show changes to a file
    git log -p <file>

Stashing Changes

  • Stash changes
    git stash
  • List stashes
    git stash list
  • Apply a stash
    git stash apply
  • Apply and drop a stash
    git stash pop
  • Drop a stash
    git stash drop

Tagging

  • Create a tag
    git tag <tag_name>
  • List tags
    git tag
  • Push tags to remote
    git push <remote_name> <tag_name>

Helpful Tips

  • Alias for common commands
    git config --global alias.co checkout
    git config --global alias.br branch
    git config --global alias.ci commit
    git config --global alias.st status
  • Configure user information
    git config --global user.name "Your Name"

    git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"

Keep this cheatsheet handy for quick reference while working with Git!

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